扎魯司特
扎魯司特是一種口服的**白三烯受體拮抗劑**，在獸醫學中屬仿單標示外使用。雖然理論上對於由白三烯介導的發炎疾病（如**貓氣喘**、**犬異位性皮膚炎**和**炎症性腸病 (IBD)**）具有潛在療效，但目前在獸醫臨床上的療效大多令人失望、有限或尚未被充分研究。 > **臨床要點：** 白三烯是透過脂氧合酶途徑產生的強效發炎介質。雖然阻斷它們在人類氣喘中非常有效，但貓和狗可能依賴其他主要的發炎途徑（如組織胺、白血球介素或前列腺素），這解釋了為什麼扎魯司特在這些物種中的臨床反應存在差異且通常不佳。
作用機制: Zafirlukast selectively and competitively inhibits **leukotriene receptors**, specifically targeting the **LTD4** and **LTE4** receptors. * Arachidonic acid → 5-lipoxygenase pathway → Leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4) * By blocking these receptors, zafirlukast prevents the binding of slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis (**SRS-A**). * This inhibition reduces smooth muscle contraction (bronchoconstriction), vascular permeability, and inflammatory cell infiltration associated with allergic and asthmatic responses.
各物種劑量
- Adjunctive treatment of feline bronchial 'asthma' · 1-2 mg/kg PO once to twice daily · PO · q12-24h
- Adjunctive treatment of feline bronchial 'asthma' · 0.5-1 mg/kg q12-24h. · PO · q12-24h
- Adjunctive treatment of feline bronchial 'asthma' · 5 mg (total dose) per cat PO q12h. · PO · q12h
- Adjunctive treatment of mild inflammatory bowel disease · 0.15-0.2 mg/kg PO once daily. · PO · q24h · Author has used a combination of zafirlukast (3 months), famotidine (4 weeks), and sucralfate (2 weeks) (along with a low-allergen diet) to successfully treat a case.
- Adjunctive treatment of atopic dermatitis · 20 mg (total dose) PO twice daily · PO · q12h · Only moderate success
- Adjunctive treatment of atopic dermatitis · 5 mg PO q12h, if the dog weighed less than 11.4 kg (25 lb); 10 mg PO q12h, if 11.4-22.3 kg (25-49 lb); 20 mg PO q12h, if 22.7-34.1 kg (50-75 lb); and 30 mg PO q12h, if greater than 34.1 kg (75 lb). · PO · q12h · Given on an empty stomach, 1 hour before, or 2 hours after meals.
劑量為合格獸醫專業人員的臨床參考。請務必對照最新藥品仿單及個別病患確認。
給藥途徑
禁忌症
- Hypersensitivity to zafirlukast
- Acute bronchospasm or acute asthma attacks
不良反應
- Vomiting (dogs)
- Headache (humans)
藥物相互作用
- Aspirin · May significantly increase zafirlukast plasma levels
- Erythromycin · May decrease the bioavailability of zafirlukast
- Theophylline · May decrease plasma levels of zafirlukast
- Warfarin · Zafirlukast may significantly increase the prothrombin time of patients taking warfarin
監測
- Clinical efficacy
過量
In dogs, doses of up to 500 mg/kg were tolerated without mortality. Overdose is generally expected to be well tolerated, but supportive care should be provided if significant gastrointestinal signs occur.
VetSheet 藥物參考供持牌獸醫專業人員作臨床決策輔助之用,不能取代專業判斷或廠方最新藥品說明書。